Fracture risk is increased in patients with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. In this module, primer chapters, webinars, and selected publications will review how diabetes impacts bone density, geometry, and microarchitecture starting in childhood and persisting in adult life. Potential mechanisms for diabetes-associated skeletal fragility will be highlighted.

This topical learning module includes a webinar by Dr. Michael Mannstadt covering an overview of the various genetic forms of hypoparathyroidism, in terms of presentation, evaluation, and diagnostic testing, with a focus on genetic testing and interpretation of results for the clinician. Selected chapters from the Primer are also highlighted, along with 5 articles from the JBMR/JBMR plus library on the etiology and evaluation of hypoparathyroidism, the genetics of hypoparathyroidism, a genetic screening study of child-onset hypoparathyroidism, and a specific detailed review of autosomal dominant hypocalcemia Type 1. A paper on the treatment of autosomal dominant hypocalcemia with a novel targeted calciolytic agent also highlights the utility of genetic diagnosis in this condition.

This module on “Hypophosphatemic Rickets: From Bench to Bedside: covers translational and clinical content about hypophosphatemic rickets and the molecular mechanisms underlying these disorders. The module includes two chapters from the Primer textbook and two recorded webinars on XLH. Four original research articles from JBMR are suggested, addressing serum FGF23 cutoff values to be employed in the diagnosis of hypophosphatemic disorders; effects of iron replacement in iron-deficient patients with autosomal dominant hypophosphatemic rickets; effects of burosumab in adults with X-linked hypophosphatemia; and bone material properties after burosumab treatment.